UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE, 2021-2022. LINGUICIDE ON THE TEMPORARILY OCCUPIED TERRITORIES OF THE STATE OF UKRAINE

Nataliya LEONOVA

LEONOVA N. (2022), UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE, 2021-2022. LINGUICIDE ON THE TEMPORARILY OCCUPIED TERRITORIES OF THE STATE OF UKRAINE; Scientific Bulletin of Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affair, Special Issue №2, 170-177

DOI: 10.31733/2078-3566-2022-6-170-177

 

ABSTRACT. The article examines the problem of linguocide in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine in 2021-2022.

It is emphasized that the linguocidal practice of russia in the temporarily occupied territories in Ukraine is connected with the historically recorded practice of destruction, devaluation of the state-building significance of the Ukrainian literary language and the policy of anti-legitimization of the sovereignty of the state of Ukraine, the lack of need for state symbols, and therefore the state Ukrainian language.

Formulation of the problem. For a long time, the problem of linguicide was not the subject of research in domestic linguistics, as this was not facilitated by the historical realities in which Ukraine was from the end of the 17th to the end of the 20th century [11]. I. Ohienko, M. Kostomarov, I. Franko, and Yu. Shevelyov highlighted certain aspects of this issue in their scientific investigations. Already after the declaration of independence of Ukraine published thorough publications by V. Ivanyshin, L. Masenko, P. Movchan, O. Pavlova, N. Tumai, Y. Radevich-Vynnytskyi, E. Sverstyuk, V. Khristenok, Yu. Shapoval and others researchers However, even today works of this nature remain relevant, because the harmful impact of relapses of linguicide is still felt in modern Ukrainian society, which determines the acuteness of the language issue.

The russia’s military aggression against Ukraine has been taking place since 2014. During this eight-year period, the representatives of the fifth column of the aggressor country manifested themselves to the fullest extent at all levels of the social hierarchy – from ordinary citizens to representatives of judicial and law enforcement bodies, local self-government bodies and the state legislature [22]. Criminalization of collaborationism in Ukraine is a relatively new legal phenomenon. However, its criminal-legal, criminal-procedural and operative-search aspects have already been considered in the works of such scientists as S. Albul, O. Kozachenko, V. Kuznetsov, O. Musychenko, E. Pysmenskyi, A. Politova, E. Polyakov, M. Siyploki, T. Shurat, K. Yanishevska and others.

The article is devoted to the study of issues of criminalization of collaborationism in Ukraine and the organizational and legal prerequisites of its documentation.

The language issue is part of state policy, therefore it is especially relevant for those peoples who have been de-ethnicized for a long time, and now need not only the preservation and development of the national language, but also the revival of its use throughout the state [12]. The conflict of the current language problems Ukraine inherited from the colonial past. The russian language has supplanted Ukrainian in a significant part of the eastern, southern and even some central regions of our country, taking over the main function of the language – the communicative one [18]. Such language imbalance blocks the implementation of the identification function of language, which is aimed at unifying the ethnic community on the basis of language, which, therefore, weakens the national self-awareness of Ukrainians, hindering the construction of a strong independent state. Long-term assimilation processes, which eliminated the very concept of «native language», weakened the sense of national cohesion and solidarity in Ukrainian society, which became an obstacle to national self-assertion. According to the Ukrainian linguist Orest Tkachenko, in the hierarchy of factors that shape the ability of the national community to resist linguistic and cultural assimilation by another state, it is the feeling of national solidarity is one of the defining [21]. The historical process, as noted by Professor E. Pysmenskyi and others, proved that a state whose territory becomes occupied is subject to the suppression of national traits, the phenomena of collaborationism, and linguocide [15]. «In turn,» the scientist states, «as a result of the linguistic self-assertion of the people, which presupposes the emergence of a national state, the language becomes: national, that is, characteristic of all strata of the respective people, both in the village and in the city; national, that is, used not only by its speakers, but also by all other ethnic groups or national minorities of its state as a national language and as a means of international communication.

Keywords: collaborationism, decrees of the occupation government, documenting, information warfare, language policy, linguocide, the collaborative activities, Treason,Ukrainian literary language.

    References:

  1. Andryushchenko, P. (2022) U Mariupoli rosiysʹki okupanty zaboronyayutʹ ukrayinsʹku movu v shkolakh, navitʹ na perervakh [In Mariupol, the Russian occupiers ban the Ukrainian language in schools, even during breaks]. Hromadsʹke radio. HR v Google News, 16 chervnya 2022 o 11:56. URL : https://hromadske.radio/news/2022/06/16/u-mariupoli-rosiys-ki-okupanty-zaboroniaiut-ukrains-ku-movu
    v-shkolakh-navit-na-perervakh-andriushchenko. [in Ukr.].

  2. Havdyda, N., Nazarevych, L. (2014) Linhvotsyd yak forma movnoyi polityky. Naukovi zapysky Ternopilʹsʹkoho natsionalʹnoho pedahohichnoho universytetu imeni Volodymyra Hnatyuka. Ser. Movoznavstvo. Issue 2 (24), pp. 76–79. [in Ukr.].
  3. Pro vnesennya zmin do deyakykh zakonodavchykh aktiv Ukrayiny shchodo vstanovlennya kryminalʹnoyi vidpovidalʹnosti za kolaboratsiynu diyalʹnistʹ [On amendments to some legislative acts of Ukraine regarding the establishment of criminal liability for collaborative activity] : Zakon Ukrayiny vid 03.03.2022. URL : https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2108-20. [in Ukr.].
  4. Kryminalʹnyy kodeks Ukrayiny [Criminal Code of Ukraine]. URL : https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14#Text. [in Ukr.].
  5. Kolomiyetsʹ, V. (2022) Okupanty na Khersonshchyni hotuyutʹsya zaboronyty ukrayinsʹku movu v dokumentakh [The occupiers in the Kherson region are preparing to ban the Ukrainian language in documents]. Hromadsʹke UA. 25 Travnya 2022 07:33. URL : https://hromadske.ua/posts/okupanti-na hersonshini-gotuyutsya-zaboroniti-ukrayinsku-movu-v-dokumentah. [in Ukr.].
  6. Lyashchuk, Yu. (2022) Kolaboranty zaboronyayutʹ ukrayinsʹku movu navitʹ u likarnyakh – mer Novoyi Kakhovky [Collaborators ban the Ukrainian language even in hospitals – the mayor of Nova Kakhovka]. 14 lystopada, 2022, 07:16 glavcom.ua. URL : https://glavcom.ua/country/incidents/ kolaboranti zaboronjajut-ukrajinsku-movu-navit-u-likarnjakh-mer-novoji-kakhovki-888967.html. [in Ukr.].
  7. Kreminʹ, T. (2022) Rosiya vlashtuvala na okupovanykh terytoriyakh linhvotsyd ukrayinsʹkoyi movy – movnyy ombudsmen [Russia has organized a linguicide of the Ukrainian language in the occupied territories – a language ombudsman]. 28 chervnya 2022, 19:32, URL : https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news linhvotsyd-ukrayinskoyi-movy-ombudsmen/31919813.html. [in Ukr.].
  8. Kreminʹ, T. (2022) Uzhe zafiksovano ponad 200 faktiv linhvotsydu ukrayinsʹkoyi movy na okupovanykh terytoriyakh [More than 200 facts of linguicide of the Ukrainian language in the occupied territories have already been recorded]. Espreso. Rozdil «Suspilʹstvo». 13 zhovtnya, 2022 chetver, 16:14. URL : https://espreso.tv/uzhe-zafiksovano-ponad-200-faktiv-lingvotsidu-ukrainskoi-movi-ombudsmen
    kremin-na-mizhnarodniy-konferentsii. [in Ukr.].

  9. Masenko, L. (2007) (U)movna (U)krayina [(U) language (U) country]. Kyiv : Tempora, 88 p. [in Ukr.].
  10. Masenko, L. Movna polityka v URSR: istoriya linhvotsydu Ukrayinsʹka mova u XX storichchi: istoriya linhvotsytu: dokumenty i materialy [Language policy in the Ukrainian SSR: the history of linguicide Ukrainian language in the 20th century: the history of linguicide: documents and materials] ; red. L. Masenko. Kyyiv : Vyd. dim «Kyyevo-Mohylyansʹka akademiya», 2005, pp. 5–37. [in Ukr.].
  11. Metodychni rekomendatsiyi z pytanʹ kryminalʹno-pravovoyi kvalifikatsiyi, operatyvno rozshukovoyi diyalʹnosti ta kryminalʹnoho provadzhennya za st. 111-1 KK Ukrayiny «Kolaboratsiyna diyalʹnistʹ» [Methodological recommendations on issues of criminal-legal qualification, operational search activity and criminal proceedings under Art. 111-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine “Collaborative activity”] / S. Albul, T. Voloshanivsʹka, A. Marchenko, H. Mudretsʹka, H. Reznichenko, I. Fedorov, I. Chekmarʹova. Odesa: ODUVS, 2022. 67 p. [in Ukr.].
  12. Pavlova, O. Yu. (2010) Linhvotsyd: trahichne porushennya vrivnovazhenosti svitovoho estetychnoho prostoru [Linguocide: a tragic disturbance of the balance of the world’s aesthetic space. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University. Philoso]. Visnyk Kyyivsʹkoho natsionalʹnoho universytetu imeni Tarasa Shevchenka. Filosofiya. Politolohiya. Issue 99, pp. 20–24. [in Ukr.].
  13. Platforma «Rukh Chesno» zapustyv reyestr derzhzradnykiv [The Rukh Chesno platform launched a register of state traitors]. URL : https://detector.media/infospace/article/197490/2022-03-14- rukh-chesno-zapustyv-reiestr-derzhzradnykiv/.
  14. Pysʹmensʹkyy, Ye. O. (2020) Kolaboratsionizm yak suspilʹno-politychne yavyshche v Ukrayini (kryminalʹno-pravovi aspekty) [Collaborationism as a socio-political phenomenon in Ukraine (criminal and legal aspects)] : nauk. narys. Syevyerodonetsʹk : SPD Rumyantseva H. V., 121 p. [in Ukr.].
  15. Poyasnyuvalʹna zapyska do proektu zakonu Ukrayiny «Pro zaboronu kolaboratsionizmu» [Explanatory note to the draft law of Ukraine “On the prohibition of collaborationism”]. URL : https://ips.ligazakon.net/document/ GH4RE00A. [in Ukr.].
  16. Pro zareyestrovani kryminalʹni pravoporushennya ta rezulʹtaty yikh dosudovoho rozsliduvannya [About registered criminal offenses and the results of their pretrial investigation]. URL : https://gp.gov.ua/ua/posts/pro-zareyestrovani-kriminalni-pravoporushennya-ta-rezultati-yih-dosudovogo rozsliduvannya-2. [in Ukr.].
  17. Radevych-Vynnytsʹkyy Ya. (1997) Ukrayina: vid movy do natsiyi [Ukraine: from language to nation]. Drohobych : Vydavnycha firma «Vidrodzhennya», 360 p. [in Ukr.].
  18. Reyestr derzhZradnykiv [Register of state traitors]. URL : https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSezxKZPthLGp8bnQwKyj9RD6lzMl7yaVwVrw4MMf5ICl 0waw/viewform. [in Ukr.].
  19. Tkachenko, O. (2004) Ukrayinsʹka mova i movne zhyttya svitu [The Ukrainian language and the linguistic life of the world]. Kyiv : Spalakh, 272 p. [in Ukr.].
  20. Tumay, N. V. (2003) Do pytannya linhvotsydu ukrayinsʹkoyi movy [To the issue of linguicide of the Ukrainian language]. Zhinochyy svit. № 4, pp. 6–10. [in Ukr.].
  21. Khrystenok, V. F. (2005) Linhvotsyd i podolannya yoho naslidkiv v istoriyi ukrayinsʹkoyi literaturnoyi movy [Linguocide and overcoming its consequences in the history of the Ukrainian literary language]. Naukovyy chasopys Natsionalʹnoho pedahohichnoho universytetu imeni M. P. Drahomanova. Seriya 08. Filolohichni nauky (movoznavstvo i literaturoznavstvo). Issue 1, pp. 128–133. [in Ukr.].
  22. Shapoval, Yu. I. (2008) Istorychni peredumovy y chynnyky vynyknennya movnoho pytannya v Ukrayini. Movna sytuatsiya v krayini: mizh konfliktom i konsensusom [Historical prerequisites and factors of the emergence of the language question in Ukraine. Language situation in the country: between conflict and consensus]. Kyiv : IPiEND imeni I. F. Kurasa NAN Ukrayiny, pp. 12–33. [in Ukr.].
  23. Gupta, D. (2008) Understanding Terrorism and Political Violence: The life cycle of birth, growth, transformation, and demise. London: Routledge, 283 p.
  24. Schmid, A. (1988) Political terrorism: a new guide to actors, authors, concepts, data bases, theories, and literature. A. Jongman. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 700 p.
  25. Znyshchennya ukrayinsʹkykh knyzhok: Linhvotsyd. Podcast Osvita. 2022 rik. URL : https://podcasts.nv.ua/episode/19591.html.
Views: 118