FEATURES OF THE MIGRATION WAVE OF UKRAINIAN EVACUEES IN 2022 AS A RESULT OF THE MILITARY AGGRESSION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Olha YADLOVSKA

YADLOVSKA O. (2022), FEATURES OF THE MIGRATION WAVE OF UKRAINIAN EVACUEES IN 2022 AS A RESULT OF THE MILITARY AGGRESSION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION; Scientific Bulletin of Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affair, Special Issue №2, 188-203

DOI: 10.31733/2078-3566-2022-6-188-203

 

ABSTRACT. The article reveals the peculiarities of the migration wave of Ukrainians to European countries as a result of the military aggression of the Russian Federation during 2022 in the context of demographic changes and social problems. The study points out the difficulty of determining by the Ukrainian authorities the real number of citizens of Ukraine who left the country to escape the war. It is emphasized that the main array of data regarding Ukrainian refugees is the constant monitoring of the United Nations Refugee Agency. It has been observed that the objective number of Ukrainian migrants is also provided by the governments of the countries where the migrants are located, through the registration and further accounting of persons who have received the status of temporary protection and the fixation of border crossings both with Ukraine and through the borders of countries with which Ukraine does not border. The study analyzed the main aspects of the manifestation of social problems related to Ukrainian refugees in Europe. It is emphasized that Ukrainian refugees are considered as a labor resource and as a factor in solving certain demographic problems in the European region. In general, it has been observed that the migration of Ukrainians in 2022 is the largest since the end of the 20th century. and to this day, at the same time, Ukrainian refugees are integrating into society much faster than the migrants of 2015-2016.

The conducted research provides grounds for the conclusion that the consequences of the migration wave of 2022 are already being considered due to the problem of a catastrophic demographic crisis in Ukraine itself, taking into account the largest outflow of the population. Emphasis is placed on the need to create conditions for the return of Ukrainians and the corresponding initiatives of the Ukrainian government and authorities.

Keywords: migration, Ukrainian migrants, refugees, military refugees, labor migration, military aggression, migration crisis, demographic crisis, UN, United Nations Refugee Agency, European Union, Ukraine.

    References:

  1. Avstriya prodovzhyla tymchasovyi zarhyst ukrains`kykh bizhentsiv [Austria extended temporary protection for Ukrainian refugees]. LB.UA. Desember, 22, 2022. URL : https://lb.ua/society/2022/12/22/540008_avstriya_prodovzhila_timchasoviy.html [in Ukr.].
  2. Bizhentsi z Ukrainy v riznykh krainakh Evropy [Refugees from Ukraine in various European countries]. ВВС NEWS Ukraine. November, 30, 2022. URL : https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/features 63809159 [in Ukr.].
  3. V Estonii produmuyut` dii na vypadok novoi khvyli bizhentsiv z Ukrainy [In Estonia, actions are being considered in case of a new wave of refugees from Ukraine]. Evropeis`ka pravda. Desember, 9, 2022. URL : https://www.eurointegration.com.ua/news/2022/12/9/7152215/ [in Ukr.].
  4. Velyka Brytaniya zminue pravyla pryjomu bizhentsiv z Ukrainy z 13 lypnia [Great Britain is changing the rules for accepting refugees from Ukraine from July 13]. URL : https://zaborona.com/velyka-brytaniya-zminyuye-pravyla-pryjomu-bizhencziv-z-ukrayiny-z-13-lypnya/ [in Ukr.].
  5. Vymushena migratsia i vijna v Ukrainy (24 bereznia – 10 chervna 2022) [Forced migration and war in Ukraine (March 24 – June 10, 2022)]. URL : https://cedos.org.ua/researches/vymushena migracziya-i-vijna-v-ukrayini-24-bereznya-10-chervnya-2022/ [in Ukr.].
  6. Gordienko, V. (2022) Pidtrymuiyt` ekonomiku Evropy [They support the economy of Europe]. UNIAN. Desember, 10, 2022. URL : https://www.unian.ua/economics/finance/bizhenci-z ukrajini-u-2022-roci-vitrati-ukrajinciv-za-kordonom-zrosli-vtrichi-golova-nbu-12073584.html [in Ukr.].
  7. Evrokomisia dast` Estonii 10 mln evro na dopomogu ukrains`kym bizhentsam [The European Commission will give Estonia 10 million euros to help Ukrainian refugees]. Evropejs`ka pravda. Desember, 13, 2022. URL : https://www.eurointegration.com.ua/news/2022/12/13/7152439/ [in Ukr.].
  8. ES maye pidgotuvatys` do tryvalogo perebuvanna ukrains`kykh bizhentsiv – eksperty [The EU should prepare for a long stay of Ukrainian refugees – experts]. URL : https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-uarazom/3563534-es-mae-pidgotuvatisa-do-trivalogo-perebuvanna ukrainskih-bizenciv-eksperti.html [in Ukr.].
  9. Za piv roku do Polshi vyikhalo shist` miljoniv ukraintsiv [In half a year, six million Ukrainians left for Poland]. UNIAN. September, 3, 2022. URL : https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric society/3563803-za-piv-roku-do-polsi-viihali-sist-miljoniv-ukrainciv.html [in Ukr.].
  10. Latvia otrymaye vid Evrokomisii 7,8 mln evro dla ukrains`kykh bizhentsiv [Latvia will receive 7.8 million euros from the European Commission for Ukrainian refugees]. URL : https://www.eurointegration.com.ua/news/2022/12/14/7152514/ [in Ukr.].
  11. Lever, O., & Matiashovska, B, Snymylo, N. (2019) Problema bizhentsiv ta nelegal`nekh migrantiv u svitli novitnoi statystyky [The problem of refugees and illegal migrants in the light of the latest statistics.]. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhorods`kogo universytetu, seria “Istoria”, vyp. 2 (41), pp. 143-155.
  12. Malyk, I. (2022) Migratsijni vyklyky dla krain ES u 2022 rotsi kriz` pryzmu migratsijnykh prognoziv [Migration challenges for EU countries in 2022 through the prism of migration forecasts]. Тhe security architecture of European and Euro-Atlantic spaces: collective monograph. Riga: Baltija Publishing, URL : http://baltijapublishing.lv/omp/index.php/bp/catalog/download/247/6962/14486- 1?inline=1 [in Ukr.].
  13. Migratsia naselenna za piv roku vijny: pidbyvajemo padsumky [Migration of the population for half a year of the war: summing up the results.]. MixDigital Team. September, 27, 2022. URL : https://mixdigital.com.ua/blog/migracziya-naselennya-za-piv-roku vijni-pidbivayemo-pidsumki/ [in Ukr.].
  14. Mishuk, G., & Olijnyk, O. Otsinka migratsijnykh nastroiv ta profesijnykh ustremlin` naukovtsiv v umovakh vijny (2022). Sotsialna ekonomika, (64). URL : https://periodicals.karazin.ua/soceconom/article/view/21147 [in Ukr.].
  15. Proekt zakonu pro derzhavnyj budzhet Ukrainy na 2023 rik [Draft Law on the State Budget of Ukraine for 2023]. Uradovyj portal. URL : https://www.kmu.gov.ua/bills/proekt-zakonu-pro derzhavniy-byudzhet-ukraini-na-2023-rik [in Ukr.].
  16. Protsyk, I., & Kara, N. (2022) Osoblyvosti protsesiv migratsii naselenna Ukrainy. Menedzhment ta pidpryemnytsvo v Ukraini: etapy stanovlenna, N 1 (7). URL : https://science.lpnu.ua/sites/default/files/journal-paper/2022/jun/28342/procik-231-240.pdf [in Ukr.].
  17. Rendiuk, T. (2022) Vymushena migratsia v umovakh rosijs`ko-ukrains`koi vijny ta jiji negatyvni naslidly dla genofondu Ukrainy [Forced migration in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war and its negative consequences for the gene pool of Ukraine]. Povidomlenna Natsional`noi akademii nauk Ukrainy. URL : https://www.nas.gov.ua/UA/Messages/Pages/View.aspx?MessageID=9149 [in Ukr.].
  18. Rendiuk, T. (2022) Vymushena migratsia v nadzvychajnykh umovakh rosijs`ko-ukrains`koi vijny ta jiji negatyvni naslidly dla genofondu Ukrainy [Forced Migration in the Extraordinary Conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian War and Its Negative Consequences for the Gene Pool of Ukraine]. Folk Art and Ethnology, N 3 (395), pp. 5–14.
  19. Rozporadzhenna Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy “Pro tymchasove zakrytta dejakykh punktiv propusku cherez derzhavnyj kordon ta punktiv kontrolu” [Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On the temporary closure of some checkpoints across the state border and checkpoints”], February, 26, 2022. URL : https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/188-2022-%D1%80#Text [in Ukr.].
  20. Slaviuk, N., & Tashlyk, A. (2022). Tendetsiji ta naslidky migratsiji z Ukrainy [Tendencies and consequences of migration from Ukraine]. Naukovi zapysky NaUKMA. Ekonomicni nauky, 7 (1), pp. 94-100. URL : https://doi.org/10.18523/2519-4739.2022.7.1.94-100 [in Ukr.].
  21. Sytnyk, M. (2022) Ukrainsky bizhentsi v Chekhii: skil`ky znajshly robotu I de je vakansii [Ukrainian refugees in the Czech Republic: how many have found work and where there are vacancies]. LB.UA. Desember, 1. URL : https://lb.ua/blog/marharyta_sytnyk/537693_ukrainski_bizhentsi_chehii_skilki.html[in Ukr.].
  22. Tkachenko, V. (2022) Dopomoga ukrainskym bizhentsam u Nimechchyni [Assistance to Ukrainian refugees in Germany]. Fakty. URL : https://fakty.com.ua/ua/ukraine/suspilstvo/20221209- dopomoga-ukrayinskym-bizhenczyam-u-nimechchyni-rozmir-vyplat-u-2023-roczi [in Ukr.].
  23. Tur, О. (2022) Naslidky vijskovoji agresiji jak osnova formuvanna antykryzovoji ekonomichnoji polityky v Ukrajini [Sequences of military aggression as a basis for the formation of anti crisis economic poliсy of Ukraine]. Problemy suchasnykh transformatsij. URL : URL: https://reicst.com.ua/pmt/article/view/2022-4-03-06/2022-4-03-06 [in Ukr.].
  24. Tucha, O., & Spivak, O., Bondarenko, O., Pogars`ka, O. (2022) Vplyv ukrajins`kykh migrantiv na ekonomiky krajin-retsipientiv [Impact of Ukrainian migrants on the economies of recipient countries]. Natsionalnyj bank Ukrajiny. URL : https://bank.gov.ua/admin_uploads/ article/Migration_impact_2022-12-15.pdf [in Ukr.].
  25. Ukrainsky bizhentsi u Nimechchyni [Ukrainian refugees in Germany.]. Ukrinform. Desember, 15, 2022. URL : https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-diaspora/3634789-kozen-cetvertij ukrainskij-bizenec-u-nimeccini-planue-zalisitisa.html [in Ukr.].
  26. Ukraintsi najchastishe pratsujut` u sferi obslugovuvanna ta na verobnytstvi [Ukrainians most often work in the service sector and in production]. Evropejska pravda. Desember, 8, 2022. URL : https://www.eurointegration.com.ua/news/2022/12/8/7152150/ [in Ukr.].
  27. Ukrajintsi u Chekhii: vse, cho varto znaty pro zhytta emigrantiv u tsij krainy [Ukrainians in the Czech Republic: everything you need to know about the life of emigrants in this country.]. Zakordon. October, 5, 2022. URL : https://zakordon.24tv.ua/ukrayintsi-chehiyi-vse-shho-treba-znati-pro-zhittya emigrantiv_n2171665 [in Ukr.].
  28. U Latvii zarejestruvaly vzhe ponad 37 tysach ukrains`kykh bizhentsiv [More than 37,000 Ukrainian refugees have already registered in Latvia]. UNIAN. September, 5, 2022. URL : https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-uarazom/3565270-u-latvii-zareestruvalisa-vze-ponad-37-tisac ukrainskih-bizenciv.html [in Ukr.].
  29. U Lytvi rozpovily, skil`ky shche ukrains`kykh bizhentsiv mozhut` pryjnaty na zymu [In Lithuania, they said how many more Ukrainian refugees they can accept for the winter]. Slovo i dilo. Desember, 7, 2022. URL : https://www.slovoidilo.ua/2022/12/07/novyna/suspilstvo/lytvi-rozpovily skilky-shhe-ukrayinskyx-bizhencziv-mozhut-pryjnyaty-zymu[in Ukr.].
  30. Ukrainsky bizhentsi v Italiji [Ukrainian refugees in Italy.]. LB.UA. November, 23, 2022. URL : https://lb.ua/world/2022/07/21/523853_ukrainski_bizhentsi_italii.html [in Ukr.].
  31. U jakykh krajinakh Evropy najbil`she ukrajins`kykh bizhentsiv. Slovo i dilo. November, 22, 2022. URL : https://zakordon.24tv.ua/ukrayintsi-chehiyi-vse-shho-treba-znati-pro-zhittya emigrantiv_n2171665 36 [in Ukr.].
  32. Filipchuk, L., & Lomonosova, N., Syrbu, O., Kabanets’, Yu. (2022) Vymushena mihratsiia i vijna v Ukraini (24 liutoho – 24 bereznia 2022). [Forced migration and war in Ukraine (February 24 – March 24, 2022)]. URL : https://cedos.org.ua/researches/vymushena-migracziya-i-vijna-v-ukrayini-24- lyutogo-24-bereznya-2022 [in Ukr.].
  33. Fylypovych, L. (2022) Suchasna mihratsiia ukraintsiv yak naslidok rosiiskoi ahresii: problema dukhovnoi opiky. [Modern migration of Ukrainians as a result of Russian aggression: the problem of spiritual guardianship]. Grail of Science, (18-19), pp. 291-296. URL : https://doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.26.08.2022.49 [in Ukr.].
  34. Yadlovska, O.S. (2022) Protsesy optatsiji na Mykolajivshchyni u 1920-1922 pp. jak viddzerkalenna prodlem stanovlenna dyplomatychnykh vidnosyn USRR (za materialamy DAMO) [Optation processes in the Mykolaiv region in 1920 – 1922 as a reflection of the problems of the formation of diplomatic relations of the Ukrainian SSR (based on the materials of State Archive of the Mykolaiv region)]. Zaporizhzhia Historical Review. 2022. Vol. 6(58), pp. 139-151. DOI https://doi.org/10.26661/zhv-2022-6-58-13 URL : https://istznu.org/index.php/journal/article/view/ 2403/2224 [in Ukr.].
  35. Yadlovska, O.S. (2022) Chinnyky stanovlenna national`no-politychnoji mental`nosti: ukrajins`kyj vymir [Factors in the formation of the national-political mentality: the Ukrainian dimension]. Scientific Bulletin of the Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs, №22, pp. 244-252. URL : https://er.dduvs.in.ua/handle/123456789/10155 [in Ukr.].
  36. Jak povernuty ukrajins`kykh bizhentsiv dodomu pislja vijny [How to return Ukrainian refugees home after the war]. Ekonomichna pravda. Desember, 28, 2022. URL : https://www.epravda.com.ua/columns/2022/12/28/695503/ [in Ukr.].
  37. 17% bizhentsiv vzhe ne planujut` povertatys` v Ukrajinu z Pol`chi [17% of refugees no longer plan to return to Ukraine from Poland]. Syspil`ne. September, 3, 2022. URL : https://suspilne.media/279587-17- bizenciv-vze-ne-planuut-povertatis-v-ukrainu-z-polsi-doslidzenna [in Ukr.].
  38. Almustafa, M. (2022) Reframing refugee crisis: A “European crisis of migration” or a “crisis of protection”? Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 40 (5), pp. 1064-1082. URL : https://doi.org/10.1177/2399654421989705].
  39. Current migration flows from Ukraine. Centre for Research & Analysis of Migration. URL : https://cream-migration.org/ukraine-detail.htm?article=3573.
  40. Europa moet zich beter voorbereiden op Oekraïners die blijven [Europe should better prepare for the Ukrainians who will remain]. NOS Nieuws.1 september 2022. URL : https://nos.nl/artikel/2442847-europa-moet-zich-beter-voorbereiden-op-oekrainers-die-blijven [in Dutch].
  41. Nezhyva, M., & Mysiuk, V. (2022) War in Ukraine: challenges for the global economy. Zovnishnja torgivlja: ekonomika, finansy, pravo. Serija. Ekonomichni nauky, No 2, pp. 16-25. URL : https://doi.org/10.31617/zt.knute.2022(121)02.
  42. Over one million sea arrivals reach Europe in 2015. UNHCR. December, 30, 2015. URL :: https://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2015/12/5683d0b56/million-sea-arrivals-reach-europe 2015.html.
  43. Steafel Е. 134,200 Ukrainian refugees have arrived in the UK – now what? The Telegraph. October, 11. 2022. URL : https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/10/11/council-said-had-make homeless-what-next-ukrainian-refugees/.
  44. Operational Data Portal. UNHCR. Ukraine refuge situation. Retrieved from: https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine.
Views: 74