INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR ENSURING THE SECURITY OF JUSTICE

Yuliia KHRYSTOVA

KHRYSTOVA Y. (2023), INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR ENSURING THE SECURITY OF JUSTICE; Scientific Bulletin of Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs, № 2, 234-243

DOI: 10.31733/2078-3566-2023-2-234-243

 

ABSTRACT. Current problems of ensuring the security of justice in Ukraine are highlighted. Based on the results of the analysis of national legislation, international documents, as well as reference and scientific literature, it is suggested that the international standards for ensuring the security of justice should be understood as the norms, principles, recommendations, rules, criteria for ensuring security in the building (premises/territory) of the court established in international acts and documents. personal safety and
protection of professional activity of persons who administer justice (judges and jurors (participating in its implementation) and their close relatives, as well as other persons who contribute to its implementation, ensure the functioning of the court and its security, other participants in the judicial process, data systems and organizational systems, including electronic justice, from criminogenic risks, threats and influences.

It was established that in fact there is no unified international document on the security of justice, and all principles, recommendations, rules, criteria for its provision are scattered among international documents of different legal force and scope.

The proposition that the main special international principles of ensuring the security of justice should include: a) ensuring the personal safety of judges; b) ensuring different levels of security in the building (premises/territory) of courts (depending on the type of case), as well as zonal security measures; c) provision by the state of adequate resource support for measures related to ensuring a decent level of personal security for judges; d) prohibition of undue influence on judges, inducements, pressure, threats or interference in the activities of judicial bodies during the resolution of cases assigned to them; e) ensuring the safety of private life and confidentiality of judges; f) ensuring security and protection of data systems and organizational systems, including electronic justice.

Keywords: justice, security of justice, international standards, criminological security.

    References:

  1. Boiko, V. F. (2002) «Mala» sudova reforma v Ukraini: neobkhidnist, sutnist, problemy ta perspektyvy [«Small» judicial reform in Ukraine: necessity, essence, problems and prospects] : navch. posib. Kyiv : MAUP, 72 p. [in Ukr.].
  2. Pro Stratehiiu rozvytku systemy pravosuddia ta konstytutsiinoho sudochynstva na 2021- 2023 roky [About the Strategy for the Development of the Justice System and Constitutional Judiciary for 2021-2023] : Ukaz Prezydenta Ukrainy vid 11.06.2021 № 231/2021. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/231/2021#Text. [in Ukr.].
  3. Reiestr povidomlen suddiv pro vtruchannia v diialnist. Vyshcha rada pravosuddia [Register of notifications of judges on interference in activities. The Supreme Council of Justice] : vebsait. URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/intervention. [in Ukr.].
  4. Sudova statyka. Sudova vlada Ukrainy [Judicial statics. Judicial power of Ukraine] : vebsait. URL: https://court.gov.ua/inshe/sudova_statystyka/. [in Ukr.].
  5. Bryntsev, V. D. (2010) Systema orhanizatsiinoho zabezpechennia sudovoi vlady Ukrainy [The system of organizational support of the judiciary of Ukraine] : dys. … d-ra yuryd. nauk : 12.00.10 / Nats. yuryd. akademiia Ukrainy im. Yaroslava Mudroho. Kharkiv, 481 p. [in Ukr.].
  6. Bordun, O. V. (2020) Metodyka zabezpechennia bezpeky sudovoi vlady [Methods of ensuring the security of the judiciary]. Naukovi zapysky Lvivskoho universytetu biznesu ta prava. № 27, pp. 98–102. [in Ukr.].
  7. Iakovleva, V. S. (2022) Zapobihannia vtruchanniu u diialnist sudovykh orhaniv [Prevention of interference in the activities of judicial bodies]. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho natsionalnoho universytetu. Seriia : Pravo. Issue 74, Part 2, p. 123. [in Ukr.].
  8. Khrystova, Yu. V. (2022) Pravosuddia yak obiekt kryminolohichnoho zakhystu [Justice as an object of criminological protection]. Naukovyi visnyk Dnipropetrovskoho derzhavnoho universytetu vnutrishnikh sprav. № 4, pp. 292–298. URL: https://visnik.dduvs.in.ua/wp content/uploads/2023/02/NV_4/NV_4-2022-292-298.pdf. [in Ukr.].
  9. Mozol, S. A. (2016) Osoblyvosti poniattia ta zmistu kryminolohichnoi bezpeky [Peculiarities of the concept and content of criminological security]. Naukovyi visnyk publichnoho ta pryvatnoho prava. Issue 2, Part 3, pp. 219–224. [in Ukr.].
  10. Melnychuk, T. V. (2011) Kryminolohichna bezpeka: sutnist ta kontseptualne obgruntuvannia [Criminological security: essence and conceptual justification]. Aktualni problemy derzhavy i prava. № 60, pp. 132–138. [in Ukr.].
  11. Shablystyi, V. V. (2015) Bezpekovyi vymir kryminalnoho prava Ukrainy: liudynotsentrystske doslidzhennia [The security dimension of the criminal law of Ukraine: a human centered study] : monohrafiia. Dnipro : Dnipropetr. derzh. un-t vnutr. sprav. Lira-LTD, 420 p. [in Ukr.].
  12. Rishennia Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy (Velyka palata) u spravi za konstytutsiinym podanniam 47 narodnykh deputativ Ukrainy shchodo vidpovidnosti Konstytutsii Ukrainy (konstytutsiinosti) okremykh polozhen Zakonu Ukrainy «Pro zapobihannia koruptsii», Kryminalnoho kodeksu Ukrainy vid 27 zhovt. 2020 r. № 13-r/2020 [The decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine (Grand Chamber) in the case based on the constitutional submission of 47 People’s Deputies of Ukraine regarding the conformity with the Constitution of Ukraine (constitutionality) of certain provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On Prevention of Corruption», the Criminal Code of Ukraine dated October 27. 2020 No. 13/2020]. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v013p710-20#Text [in Ukr.].
  13. Lytvynov, O. M. (2010) Kryminolohichna stratehiia yak komponent stratehii natsionalnoi bezpeky Ukrainy [Criminological strategy as a component of the national security strategy of Ukraine]. Pravo i bezpeka. № 3, pp. 137–141. [in Ukr.].
  14. Tytarenko, O. O. (2020) Sluzhba sudovoi okhorony – novyi subiekt v mekhanizmi zabezpechennia kryminolohichnoi bezpeky. [The court security service is a new entity in the mechanism of ensuring criminological security]. Kryminolohichna bezpeka naselenykh punktiv : materialy Mizhnarodnoi naukovo-prakt. konf., 31 lyp. 2020 r. Mariupol : VD «Dakor», ph. 346–350. [in Ukr.].
  15. Nalyvaiko, L. R., Stepanenko, K. V. (2019) Mizhnarodno-pravovi standarty prav liudyny [International legal standards of human rights] : navch. posib. Dnipro : DDUVS, 184 p. [in Ukr.].
  16. Khoinatskyi, M. (2001) Osnovy standartyzatsii [Basics of standardization]. Visnyk Knyzhkovoi palaty. № 11, pp. 32–35. [in Ukr.].
  17. Pro standartyzatsiiu [About standardization] : Zakon Ukrainy vid 5.06.2014 r. № 1315-VII. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1315-18#Text. [in Ukr.].
  18. Krusian, A. R. (2010) Suchasnyi ukrainskyi konstytutsionalizm [Modern Ukrainian constitutionalism] : monohrafiia. Kyiv : Yurinkom Inter, 560 p. [in Ukr.].
  19. Babenko, A. M., Busol, O. Yu., Kostenko, O. M. (2018) Kryminolohiia [Criminology] : pidruchnyk / za zah. red. Yu. V. Nikitina, S. F. Denysova, Ye. L. Streltsova. 2 he vyd., pererob. ta dopov. Kharkiv : Pravo, 416 p. [in Ukr.].
  20. Tytarenko, O. O. (2019) Derzhavne prohramuvannia protydii zlochynnosti v Ukraini [State crime prevention programming in Ukraine] : monohrafiia. Kharkiv : Promart, 698 p. [in Ukr.].
  21. The United Nations Congresses on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime : website. URL: https://www.unodc.org/congress/en/previous congresses.html.
  22. Kiotska deklaratsiia shchodo rozshyrennia mozhlyvostei poperedzhennia zlochyniv, kryminalnoho pravosuddia ta verkhovenstva prava: na shliakhu do vykonannia prohramy staloho rozvytku do 2030 roku, pryiniata 14 Konhresom OON z poperedzhennia zlochynnosti ta kryminalnoho pravosuddia (Kioto, Yaponiia, 7–12 bereznia 2021 roku) [Kyoto Declaration on Empowering Crime Prevention, Criminal Justice and the Rule of Law: Towards the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by the 14th United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (Kyoto, Japan, 7-12 March 2021)]. OON Niu-York. 2021. URL: https://www.probation.gov.ua/wp content/uploads/2021/10/17_Kyoto_Declaration_V2102815-Ukr-PravoJustice.pdf. [in Ukr.].
  23. Holina, V. V., Lukashevych, S. Yu., Kolodiazhnyi, M. H. (2012) Derzhavne prohramuvannia i rehionalne planuvannia zakhodiv zapobihannia zlochynnosti v Ukraini [State programming and regional planning of crime prevention measures in Ukraine] : monohrafiia. Kharkiv : Pravo, 304 p. [in Ukr.].
  24. Dzhuzha, O. M., Mykhailenko, P. P., Kulyk, O. H. (2001) Kurs kryminolohii. Zahalna chastyna [Criminology course. General part] : pidruchnyk : u 2 kn. / za zah. red. O. M. Dzhuzhi. Kyiv : Yurinkom–Inter, 352 p. [in Ukr.].
  25. Ivanov, Yu. F., Dzhuzha, O. M. (2006) Kryminolohiia [Criminology] : navch. posib. Kyiv : Palyvoda A. V., 264 p. [in Ukr.].
  26. Danshyn, I. M., Holina, V. V., Kalman, O. H., Lysodied, O. V. (2003) Kryminolohiia. Zahalna ta osoblyva chastyny [Criminology. General and special parts] : pidruchnyk / za red. I. M. Danshyna. Kharkiv : Pravo, 352 p. [in Ukr.].
  27. Holovkin B. M., Holina V. V., Lysodied O. V. (2020) Kryminolohiia [Criminology] : pidruchnyk / za zah. red. B. M. Holovkina. Kharkiv : Pravo, 384 p. [in Ukr.].
  28. Mozol S. A. (2018) Kryminolohichna bezpeka v Ukraini : fenomen ta naukovi zasady zabezpechennia [Criminological security in Ukraine: phenomenon and scientific principles of security] : avtoref. dys. na zdobuttia nauk. stupenia d-ra yuryd. nauk : 12.00.08. Kharkiv, 34 p. [in Ukr.].
  29. Osnovni pryntsypy nezalezhnosti sudovykh orhaniv, skhvaleni rezoliutsiiamy 40/32 ta 40/146 Heneralnoi Asamblei OON z profilaktyky zlochynnosti i povodzhennia z pravoporushnykamy vid 29 lyst. ta 13 hrud. 1985 r. [The main principles of independence of judicial bodies, approved by resolutions 40/32 and 40/146 of the UN General Assembly on crime prevention and treatment of offenders dated November 29. and December 13 1985]. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_201#Text. [in Ukr.].
  30. Rekomendatsii shchodo efektyvnoho vprovadzhennia Osnovnykh pryntsypiv shchodo nezalezhnosti sudovykh orhaniv, pryiniati rezoliutsiieiu Ekonomichnoi ta sotsialnoi Rady OON 1989/60 ta skhvaleni rezoliutsiieiu Heneralnoi Asamblei OON 44/162 vid 15 hrud. 1989 r. [Recommendations on the effective implementation of the Basic Principles regarding the independence of judicial bodies, adopted by the resolution of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations 1989/60 and approved by the resolution of the General Assembly of the United Nations 44/162 of December 15. 1989]. URL: http://www.judges.org.ua/article/d4.htm. [in Ukr.].
  31. Rekomendatsiia CM/Rec (2010) 12 Komitetu Ministriv Rady Yevropy «Derzhavam chlenam shchodo suddiv: nezalezhnist, efektyvnist ta oboviazky», ukhvaleni Komitetom Ministriv Rady Yevropy 17 lystopada 2010 r. na 1098 zasidanni zastupnykiv ministriv [Recommendation CM/Rec (2010) 12 of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe «To the Member States regarding judges: independence, effectiveness and duties», adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on November 17, 2010 at the 1098th meeting of deputy ministers]. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_a38#Text. [in Ukr.].
  32. Vysnovok № 8 (2006) Konsultatyvnoi rady yevropeiskykh suddiv do uvahy Komitetu Ministriv Rady Yevropy z pytannia «Rol suddiv u zakhysti verkhovenstva prava ta prav liudyny v konteksti teroryzmu», skhvaleno na 7-u zasidanni Konsultatyvnoi rady yevropeiskykh suddiv 8–10 lyst. 2006 r. [Conclusion No. 8 (2006) of the Advisory Council of European Judges to the attention of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on the issue «The role of judges in protecting the rule of law and human rights in the context of terrorism», approved at the 7th meeting of the Advisory Council of European Judges, November 8-10. 2006]. URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/sites/default/files/field/r_8_2006_2006_11_10.pdf.
  33. Zahalna (Universalna) khartiia suddi, ukhvalena 17 lyst. 1999 r. Tsentralnoiu Radoiu Mizhnarodnoi Asotsiatsii Suddiv [General (Universal) Charter of Judges, adopted on November 17. 1999 by the Central Council of the International Association of Judges]. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_j63#Text
  34. Vysnovok № 14 (2011) Konsultatyvnoi rady yevropeiskykh suddiv «Sudochynstvo ta informatsiini tekhnolohii», pryiniatyi na 12-mu plenarnomu zasidanni 7–9 lystopada 2011 r. [Opinion No. 14 (2011) of the Advisory Council of European Judges «Judiciary and Information Technologies», adopted at the 12th plenary session on November 7-9, 2011]. URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/sites/default/files/field/r_14_2011_2011_11_9.pdf. [in Ukr.].
  35. Vysnovok № 17 (2014) Konsultatyvnoi rady yevropeiskykh suddiv «Shchodo otsiniuvannia diialnosti suddiv, yakosti pravosuddia i povahy do nezalezhnosti sudovoi vlady», pryiniatyi 24 zhovt. 2014 r. URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/sites/default/files/field/r_17_2014_2014_10_24.pdf [Conclusion No. 17 (2014) of the Consultative Council of European Judges «Regarding the evaluation of the performance of judges, the quality of justice and respect for the independence of the judiciary», adopted on October 24. 2014]. [in Ukr.].
  36. Rekomendatsiia Rec (2001) 2 Komitetu Ministriv Rady Yevropy derzhavam-chlenam shchodo pobudovy ta perebudovy sudovykh system ta pravovoi informatsii v ekonomichnyi sposib, ukhvalena Komitetom Ministriv Rady Yevropy na 743 zasidanni zastupnykiv ministriv 28 liut. 2001 r. [Recommendation Rec (2001) 2 of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe to member states on the construction and restructuring of judicial systems and legal information in an economic manner, adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe at the 743 meeting of deputy ministers on February 28. 2001]. URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/sites/default/files/field/rec_2001_2_2001_02_28.pdf. [in Ukr.].
  37. Ievropeiski ta mizhnarodni standarty u sferi sudochynstva [European and international standards in the field of justice]. Kyiv, 2015. 708 p. [in Ukr.].
  38. Guidelines on the organisation and accessibility of court premises. Document adopted by the CEPEJ at its 24th Plenary meeting 11-12 December 2014). URL: https://old.vkksu.gov.ua/userfiles/doc/cepej/25-kerivni%20princupu%20dostupu.pdf.
Views: 35